ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka "Ten Water Regulations" i ka makahiki 2015 e hoʻomaka i kahi puka o ka ʻoihana mālama wai.

Mai ka makahiki 2015, ua lilo ka palekana o ke kaiapuni i kumuhana wela ma ka mākeke A.ʻOiai mai Malaki, ua hoʻomau ka manaʻo o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, e alakaʻi ana i nā mākeke ʻelua i nā manawa he nui.Ma ka lā 2 o ʻApelila, hoʻomau ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, e like me ka hopena, ua piʻi ka awelika pā ma kahi o 5%.

Ma hope o ka manaʻo nui o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni ʻo ia ka hoʻokuʻu mau ʻana a me ka hoʻokō lohi ʻana i nā kulekele mālama kaiapuni maikaʻi mai nā kau ʻelua i kēia makahiki.Wahi a ka Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), e hoʻokomo ʻia ka "Water 10 Plan" i ka wā e hiki mai ana a e pili ana i ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana o 2 trillion yuan.Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ka ʻoihana ʻo ka ʻoihana mālama kaiapuni ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana e puka mai ana ma Kina, ʻo kona mau manaʻo hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana he ākea loa, manaʻo lōʻihi e pili ana i nā manawa hoʻopukapuka i ka ʻoihana mālama kaiapuni.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Wu Wenqing, he kanaka koʻikoʻi o ka ʻoihana, ʻo 2015 ka makahiki mua o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kānāwai Hoʻomalu Kūlohelohe hou a me ka makahiki hope o ka 12th Five-Year Plan.E like me ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano hōʻailona kaiapuni, hiki ke wānana ʻia e piʻi aʻe ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka mālama kaiapuni, a i kēia makahiki e hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana mālama kaiapuni i kahi manawa pahū.

ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia ka pollution wai

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan", ka "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan", ka "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan" hoʻopā pū i nā puʻuwai o nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kaiāulu.

I loko o nā kau NPC a me CPPCC i hala iho nei, ua paʻi ʻia kahi hoʻolālā hana no ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka hoʻohaumia wai, i huki nui ʻia mai nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kaiāulu, i loko o kahi hōʻike aupuni no ka manawa mua.Ke koi nei ka hōʻike i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā hana no ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻohaumia wai, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka haumia wai ma nā muliwai, nā loko a me nā kai, nā kumu wai a me nā kumu kumu ʻole o ka mahiʻai, a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa mai nā kumu wai a hiki i nā kiʻi wai.

ʻO ka mea hiki ʻole ke nānā ʻole ʻia ʻo ke kūlana o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni ma Kina e mau nei ka ʻino, a ke hopohopo nei ka pollution wai.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili o ka Ministry of Supervision, ua kiʻekiʻe nā hanana pollution wai ma Kina i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala aku nei, me ka ʻoi aku o 1,700 mau pōʻino i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā makahiki i hala.Ma kahi o 140 miliona mau kānaka ma nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale a puni ka ʻāina i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā kumu wai inu ʻole.Wahi a ka ʻikepili i hoʻopuka hou ʻia e ke Kuhina Waiwai, 11 pākēneka o nā kumu wai hoʻopaʻa wai o Kina, ma kahi o 70 pākēneka o nā kumu wai loko a ma kahi o 60 pākēneka o kāna mau kumu wai wai ma lalo o ka maʻamau.

I ka manawa like, me ka hōʻike pinepine ʻana o ka "hohonu wai hohonu", "hohonu wai nui" a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻāla nui ʻia ka wai o ka honua.I ka manaʻo o nā poʻe loea, ʻoi aku ka hopohopo o ka wai a me ka lepo ma mua o ka haumia o ka ea, ka mea i loaʻa mua i ka nānā ʻana, e pili ana i kona pōʻino lōʻihi a paʻakikī i ka hana ʻana me ia.

I loko o nā kau 2015 NPC a me CPPCC, ua lilo ka haumia wai i mea nui o ka nānā ʻana no nā ʻelele NPC a me nā lālā CPPCC.Ua hāʻawi kūikawā ka All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce i ka Proposal on Take Powerful Measures to Treat Direct Sewage and Effectly Alleviate Black and Odor in Rivers and Lakes, a waiho i nā manaʻo no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele ʻepekema.

E hoʻolālā i ka "Ten Water Projects" ma mua

I ka manawa like, ʻo ka nūhou lehulehu mai ka National Environmental Monitoring Conference a me ka Clean Government Work Conference i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka makahiki 2015, e hoʻoponopono ke Kuhina o ka Environmental Protection i ka ʻenehana nānā ʻana o ka wai honua, e hoʻonui i nā ʻāpana a me nā helu hoʻomalu aupuni, e hoʻololi ai. i ka "water ten" o ka loiloi maikaʻi o ka wai a me nā koi loiloi.Hōʻike nā hopena o ka nānā ʻana ua haumia iki ka wai o ka ʻāina i ka makahiki 2014, e like me ka Ministry of Environmental Protection.

Ua ʻōlelo ka Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) e hoʻopuka ʻia a hoʻokō ʻia ka Hoʻolālā Wai i kēia makahiki.Ma ka laina me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka "Water Policy", e hoʻomaikaʻi ka Ministry of Environmental Protection i ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni wai a me ka hiki ke hoʻolaha mua, hopu i ka manawa kūpono o ke kānāwai kaiapuni hou a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka "Water Policy", a hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka ka hoʻolālā lokahi a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ʻuena mālama pono kaiapuni wai.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili lehulehu, i ka makahiki 2014, ua hoʻokō ka Ministry of Environmental Protection i ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma 338 prefecture-level a ma luna o nā kūlanakauhale a me 2,856 mau kalana kalana a puni ka ʻāina, e ʻike piha ana i ke kūlana o ka wai a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻano o ke kūlanakauhale a me ke kuaʻāina. nā kumu wai inu kikowaena.

Hoʻohui ʻia me ka ʻatikala 10 o ka "wai", ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi palekana kaiapuni, e hoʻomau i ka pae honua ma luna o nā kūlanakauhale ma Kina, ke kūlanakauhale kalana o nā mea a pau e noho ana me kahi kumu kikowaena o ka nānā ʻana i ka wai inu, a hoʻoikaika mālie i ka pae o ke kaona. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai kumu wai, ka ʻike piha ʻana i ke kūlana maikaʻi o ka wai inu o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi kuaʻāina, ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka manawa, e hōʻoia i ka wai inu palekana no ka poʻe.

Eia kekahi, ua hoʻonohonoho nā panalāʻau 31, nā ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa a me nā kaona no nā ʻoihana e hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻike ma kā lākou mau hopena nānā ponoʻī, a ua hoʻomaka ka Ministry of Environmental Protection e hōʻike i nā hopena nānā ma Iulai 2014. ʻO nā hopena o ka loiloi 2014 o ka huina hoʻokuʻu. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hōʻemi hōʻemi i ka 91.4 pākēneka o ka ʻike nānā ponoʻī o nā ʻoihana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka awelika o ka ʻāina, a ua hālāwai nā wahi āpau i ka 80 pakeneka o nā koi loiloi.E like me nā ʻōlelo kūpono o ke kānāwai palekana kaiapuni hou, koi ka Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) i nā aupuni kūloko e koi i nā ʻoihana koʻikoʻi e hoʻokō i kā lākou nānā ponoʻī e like me nā lula kūpono a hoʻolaha i kā lākou ʻike nānā.

E hoʻomaka ana ka ʻahaʻaina o ka mākeke hoʻokele wai

"E hoʻopau i nā ʻano wai ʻelima me ka maikaʻi haʻahaʻa i ka makahiki 2017, a mālama i ka wai ʻeleʻele a me ka wai ʻala ma nā wahi kūlanakauhale ma lalo o 10 pakeneka e 2020."ʻO nā wahi koʻikoʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ka palekana wai inu, ka wai ʻeleʻele a me ka wai pilau, ka pollution wai ʻoihana a me ka pollution kumu kumu ʻole o ka mahiʻai, wahi a Liu Zhiquan, ka hope luna hoʻomalu o ke keʻena ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana ʻenehana o ka Ministry of Environmental Protection.

Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻoihana a me ke kūlanakauhale, "nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu pollutant discharge o ke kūlanakauhale" (GB18918-2002) e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa. nā wahi e hoʻomohala i nā palena kūikawā no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.Manaʻo ʻo Liu Zhiquan i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e nānā nui ka mākeke hou i nā kalana a me nā kauhale, a ʻo ka mākeke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale e nānā i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kumu kūʻai (ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka bidding ua hoʻopau ʻia ma kahi o 30%, a e hoʻonui ʻia ka papa mua B i ka papa mua A).

Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu pollutant a me nā kūlana maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni, ʻo ka ʻoihana kaiapuni wai, alakaʻi ʻia a alakaʻi ʻia e nā kulekele, ua paʻa i ka "manawa gula".Ma kēia mea, ua wānana ʻo Liu Zhiquan mai 2015 a 2020, e piʻi ka piʻi ʻana o nā huahana mālama kaiapuni wai a me nā lako e pili ana i 15% -20%, a ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana lawelawe kaiapuni wai e hiki i kahi 30% -40%.

Ma ka manawa like, e like me ka ʻike i hōʻike mua ʻia e ka Ministry of Environmental Protection, ua manaʻo ʻia e lawe mai ka Water Project i kahi pānaʻi waiwai o 2 trillion yuan, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka 1.7 trillion yuan no ka lewa.I ka manaʻo o ka poʻe loea ʻoihana, ʻo ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana o 2 trillion yuan he ʻāpana wale nō ia o ka hana i loko o kekahi manawa a e hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Fu Tao, ka luna o ka Water Policy Research Center ma Tsinghua University, ʻoi aku ka kikoʻī o ka Water Ten Plan.Ma mua, ʻo kekahi mau palapala hoʻolālā no nā hana kūkulu, ʻoiai ʻo ka Water Ten Plan he palapala e pili ana i ka hopena."ʻO ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka wai heʻumi, no ka mea, he mea maikaʻi loa ka mākeke wai."

, Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Liu Zhiquan, e hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka ʻōnaehana o ke kulekele ʻoihana mālama wai, ʻo ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai e hiki mai ana ʻo ia ke ʻano hana o ka mākeke o nā ʻoihana, i manaʻo ʻia e ke aupuni i ka wā i hala i kekahi mau loli no ka ʻoihana e like me ka mākeke. kumu hoʻokele waiwai e hoʻopiʻi, ka ʻoihana e like me ka hana ʻana o ke ala mākeke e hoʻokele i ka mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe.Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kulekele makemake no ka ʻoihana mālama wai, e like me: nā kulekele makemake no nā uku uila, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā uku mālama wai, nā kumukūʻai koho no ka wai i hana hou ʻia, etc.

He aha nā ʻāpana e manaʻo nui ai nā ʻoihana?

Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia e kālele ana ʻo Kina i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻano hana hoʻopukapuka ʻokoʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana e huki i ke kapikala kaiapuni e hoʻokomo i ka mālama kaiaola.Pehea e hāʻawi ai i ka pāʻani i ka mīkini mākeke, hoʻoulu i ka hoihoi o nā ʻoihana, i hiki i nā ʻoihana wai ke hāʻawi i nā lawelawe maikaʻi, i hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ka hopena o ke aupuni.

Ma muli o kēia, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Li Li, ka hope pelekikena nui o Beijing Water Holding Co., Ltd., ʻo ka pilikia nui loa o ka ʻoihana wai i ka wā i hala, ʻo ia ka pono e lilo i ka hoʻokele kaiapuni i mea kaumaha no nā ʻoihana uka, a ʻo ia hoʻi. paʻakikī iā lākou e lilo i mau waiwai no ka poʻe e loaʻa ana i nā lawelawe kaiapuni.No laila, ʻaʻohe manaʻo o kēia mau ʻoihana e kūʻai i nā lawelawe kaiapuni maikaʻi."I kēia manawa ua loli, aia ka makemake nui e kūʻai i nā lawelawe kaiapuni. Aia ka ʻoihana i ka 'gale'. "I ka wā ma mua, hiki i kekahi mau ʻoihana kaiapuni ke ola ma ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i kā lākou mea kūʻai.I kēia manawa, i ka loli ʻana o nā pono o nā mea kūʻai aku, ke lilo nei nā hui wai i mea hoʻolako waiwai nui no nā ʻoihana o luna."

Ma ka manawa like, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Li Li i ka wā e hiki mai ana, manaʻoʻiʻo nā ʻoihana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaona o ke kaona, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino, ka wai membrane, ka wai o waho, me ka mālama ʻana i ka muliwai uka, ka hoʻokele kaiapuni wai e like me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka kaiaola wai, e pili ana i ka paipu pūnaewele a ʻO ka hale kiʻi paipu piha a me nā ʻoihana wai kahe a me ka wai e lilo i mea nui o nā ʻoihana.

I ka pane ʻana i nā loli o ka ʻoihana wai, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Wang Di, ka luna nui o China Environmental Water, e hoʻihoʻi nā hui i ka wai i ke ʻano o nā kumuwaiwai, ma mua o ka hoʻonoho ʻana iā lākou iho ma ke ʻano he hui mālama wai.No laila, e hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike o ka ʻoihana wai."ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka wai a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ʻōpala he mau kuhikuhi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi no nā ʻoihana i ka wā e hiki mai ana."

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā keʻena mālama wai, ka pale ʻana i nā kumu wai a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kumu haumia e hāʻawi i nā manawa hoʻomohala no ka ʻoihana.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Guo Peng, hope manakia nui o Beijing Capital, e loaʻa i nā ʻoihana nā ʻāpana kālā nui inā hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i nā hopena maʻalahi, kūpono a haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana."Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, hiki i nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ke komo i ka mākeke ma o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i ka wāwae, me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻenehana kūpono a kūpono, a me ka mālamaʻana i nā kumukūʻai pili. ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i ke kumukūʻai a me ka mālama ʻana, hiki ke loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā nui aʻe."

(Source: Legal Daily, West China Metropolis Daily, Nūhou Kūkākūkā Kūkākūkā Political o Kina, National Business Daily, China Environment News)