Kudalwe ngo: 2020-11-30 01:33
[China Environmental Online Sewage Treatment] Ngokwemibiko yabezindaba egunyaziwe, "Imithetho Eyishumi Yamanzi" ivunywe uMkhandlu Wombuso futhi izokhishwa futhi isetshenziswe ngemva kokubuyekezwa nokuthuthukiswa.U-Liu Zhiquan, isekela lomqondisi womnyango wezindinganiso zesayensi nobuchwepheshe ngaphansi koMnyango Wezokuvikelwa Kwemvelo, uveze ukuthi "Izinyathelo Eziyishumi Zamanzi" zizosebenzisa uhlelo oluqinile lokuvikela umthombo kanye nohlelo lokubuyiselwa kwemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukulawula okuphelele kokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kanye ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo somnotho, kanye nokunikeza ukudlala ngokugcwele endimeni yendlela yezimakethe.
Kusukela ngo-2015, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kube Isihloko esishisayo emakethe yamasheya A.Ikakhulukazi kusukela ngoMashi, umqondo wokuvikelwa kwemvelo uye waqhubeka nokukhuphuka, okuholela ezimakethe ezimbili izikhathi eziningana.Ngomhla zi-2 kuMbasa, ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nomqondo wokuvikeleka kwemvelo amasheya aqhubeka nokuqina, njengoba sekusondele, ipuleti eliphakathi likhuphuke cishe ngo-5%.
Ngemuva komqondo okhulayo wokuvikelwa kwemvelo ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqaliswa kancane kancane kwezinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo kusukela kumaseshini amabili kulo nyaka.Ngokusho koMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo (MEP), "Uhlelo lwe-Water 10" luzokwethulwa maduze nje futhi luzobandakanya ukutshalwa kwezimali kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili.Imboni ikholelwa ukuthi imboni yokuvikela imvelo njengemboni enamasu asafufusa e-China, amathemba ayo entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo abanzi kakhulu, anethemba lesikhathi eside ngamathuba okutshala imali embonini yokuvikela imvelo.
U-Wu Wenqing, oyisikhulu embonini, uveze ukuthi unyaka wezi-2015 unyaka wokuqala wokusetshenziswa koMthetho omusha Wokuvikelwa Kwemvelo kanye nonyaka wokugcina woHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-12 Lweminyaka Emihlanu.Njengoba izinkomba ezehlukene zezemvelo sezakhiwe futhi zidalulwa, kungabikezelwa ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kuzokwanda, futhi kulo nyaka imboni yokuvikela imvelo izongenisa isikhathi sokuqhuma.
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi akunakuzitshwa
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-"Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan", "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan", "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Plan" nayo ithinta izinhliziyo zazo zonke izinhlaka zomphakathi.
Phakathi neseshini yakamuva ye-NPC kanye ne-CPPCC, uhlelo lokusebenza lokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, oseludonse ukunakwa okukhulu kuzo zonke izinhlaka zomphakathi, lwashicilelwa embikweni kahulumeni okokuqala ngqa.Lo mbiko ubiza ukuthi kuqaliswe uhlelo lokusebenza lokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, kuqiniswe ukulawulwa kokungcoliswa kwamanzi emifuleni, emachibini nasezilwandle, emithonjeni yamanzi kanye nemithombo yezolimo engaqondile, kanye nokwengamela yonke inqubo kusukela emithonjeni yamanzi kuya kompompi bamanzi.
Okungeke kushaywe indiva ukuthi isimo samanje sokuvikelwa kwemvelo eChina sisamuncu, futhi nokungcoliswa kwamanzi kuyethusa.
Ngokwezibalo zoMnyango Wezokuqondisa, izigameko zokungcoliswa kwamanzi beziphezulu eShayina kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, njengoba kwenzeka izingozi ezingaphezu kuka-1,700 unyaka ngamunye eminyakeni yamuva.Cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-140 emadolobheni nasemadolobheni ezweni lonkana bakhahlamezekile ngemithombo yamanzi okuphuza angaphephile.Ngokombiko osanda kukhishwa uMnyango Wezamanzi, amaphesenti angu-11 emithombo yamanzi echibini laseChina, amaphesenti angaba ngu-70 emithombo yawo yamanzi echibini kanye namaphesenti angaba ngu-60 emithombo yawo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba angaphansi kwesilinganiso.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngemibiko evamile "yokukhipha amanzi ajulile", "ukukhishwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba" nezinye izinkinga, imvelo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nayo ibangele ukukhathazeka okukhulu.Emehlweni ochwepheshe abaningi, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nomhlabathi kuyinkinga kakhulu kunokungcola komoya, osekuthole ukunakwa okwanele, mayelana nokulimala kwesikhathi eside kanye nobunzima bokubhekana nakho.
Phakathi neseshini ye-NPC kanye ne-CPPCC yango-2015, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nakho kwaba intokozo kumasekela e-NPC kanye namalungu e-CPPCC.Inhlangano Yezimboni Nezohwebo Yase-All-China ithumele ngokukhethekile Isiphakamiso Sokuthatha Izinyathelo Ezinamandla Zokwelapha Imfucumfucu Eqondile Nokuqeda Ngokuphumelelayo Ubumnyama Nephunga Emifuleni Namachibi, futhi yabeka phambili iziphakamiso mayelana nokwenza kahle uhlelo lokuphatha lwesayensi.
Hlela "Amaphrojekthi Amanzi Ayishumi" Kusengaphambili
Ngaso leso sikhathi, izindaba zomphakathi ezivela kwiNational Environmental Monitoring Conference kanye neNgqungquthela Yomsebenzi Kahulumeni Ohlanzekile zathi ngo-2015, uMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo uzolungisa inethiwekhi kazwelonke yokuqapha imvelo yamanzi, ukwandisa izigaba zokuqapha ukulawulwa kwezwe kanye namaphuzu, ukuze uvumelane nezimo. ezinhlinzekweni "zamanzi eziyishumi" zokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi kanye nezidingo zokuhlola.Imiphumela yokuqapha ikhombisa ukuthi amanzi angaphezulu komhlaba angcole kancane ngo-2014, ngokusho koMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo.
UMnyango wezokuVikelwa kweMvelo (MEP) uthe lolu hlelo lwaManzi luzokhishwa luqale ukusebenza kulo nyaka.Ngokuhambisana nokuqaliswa kwe "Inqubomgomo Yamanzi", uMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo uzothuthukisa ukuqapha imvelo yamanzi kanye namandla okuxwayisa kusenesikhathi, asebenzise ithuba lomthetho omusha wezemvelo kanye nokuqaliswa "kweNqubomgomo Yamanzi", futhi akhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukuhlela okuhlangene kanye nokuhlelwa kwenethiwekhi yokuqapha izinga lemvelo yamanzi.
Ngokusho kwedatha yomphakathi, ngo-2014, uMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo wenze ukuqapha izinga lamanzi okujwayelekile emadolobheni angama-338 nangaphezulu kanye namadolobhana asezingeni lezifunda eziyi-2,856 ezweni lonke, ukwazi ngokugcwele isimo sekhwalithi yamanzi kanye nokushintsha kwezitayela zasemadolobheni nezasemaphandleni. imithombo yamanzi okuphuza emaphakathi.
Kuhlanganiswe ne-athikili ye-10 "yamanzi", ukuqaliswa kwezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuqhubeka sezingeni eliphansi ngaphezu kwamadolobha aseShayina, idolobha lesifunda labo bonke abahlala kulo elinomthombo ophakathi wokubhekwa kwamanzi okuphuza, futhi kancane kancane kuthuthukiswe izinga lelokishi ukuqapha izinga lamanzi omthombo wamanzi okuphuza, ukuqonda okuphelele izinga lamanzi okuphuza ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nezasemaphandleni, ukuqapha ulwazi olukhishwe ngesikhathi, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu banamanzi okuphuza aphephile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundazwe ezingama-31, izifunda ezizimele kanye nomasipala bamise izinkundla zokuthi amabhizinisi akhiphe ulwazi ngemiphumela yawo yokuqapha, kanti uMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo waqala ukubika imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngoJulayi 2014. Uhlelo lokuqapha ukuncishiswa lwabonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-91.4 olwazi lokuzibheka lwakhishwa ngokwesilinganiso ezweni lonke, futhi zonke izindawo zahlangabezana namaphesenti angama-80 ezidingo zokuhlola.Ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko ezifanele zomthetho omusha wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, uMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo (MEP) udinga ukuthi ohulumeni basekhaya banxuse amabhizinisi abalulekile ukuthi enze okwawo ukuqapha ngokuvumelana nemithetho efanele futhi enze esidlangalaleni ulwazi lwawo lokuqapha.
Idili lemakethe yokuphathwa kwamanzi lizoqala
"Susa izinhlobo ezinhlanu zamanzi anekhwalithi ephansi ngo-2017, futhi ugcine amanzi amnyama nanukayo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-10 ngo-2020."Izindawo eziseqhulwini ukuhlanzwa kwendle, ukuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza, amanzi amnyama nanukayo, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kanye nokungcoliswa kwemithombo yezolimo, uLiu Zhiquan, isekela lomqondisi womnyango wamazinga esayensi nobuchwepheshe boMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo, uthe ngesikhathi ethula imigomo.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ukuthuthwa kwendle ezimbonini kanye nomasipala kufanele kusetshenziswe izindinganiso eziphakeme zokuthuthwa kwendle, "izindinganiso zokuthuthwa kwendle emadolobheni" (GB18918-2002) zizothuthukiswa zizonke, kuzoba ngeyemifula emithathu, amachibi amathathu kanye nezinye izindlela zokudonsa amanzi ezibalulekile. izindawo zokuthuthukisa imikhawulo eyisipesheli yokukhishwa kwegesi.U-Liu Zhiquan ukholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, indawo yemakethe entsha izogxila ikakhulukazi ezifundeni nasezigodini, futhi imakethe yesikhungo sokukhuculula indle emadolobheni izogxila ekuthuthukisweni kwebhidi (ukuthuthukiswa kokubhida kusanda kuqeda cishe u-30%, futhi Ibanga lokuqala B lizothuthukiswa liye ebangeni lokuqala A).
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezindinganiso zokulahla ukungcola kanye namazinga ekhwalithi yemvelo, imboni yemvelo yamanzi, iqhutshwa futhi iqondiswa yizinqubomgomo, nakanjani izoletha "inkathi yegolide".Mayelana nalokhu, uLiu Zhiquan ubikezele ukuthi kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2020, izinga lokukhula kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela imvelo yamanzi kanye nemishini izofinyelela cishe ku-15% -20%, futhi izinga lokukhula kwemboni yenkonzo yemvelo yamanzi izofinyelela cishe ku-30% -40%.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngokolwazi olwadalulwa ngaphambilini nguMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo, kulindeleke ukuthi iProjekthi Yamanzi ilethe isikali sokutshalwa kwezimali esingu-2 trillion yuan, esingaphezu kwe-1.7 trillion yuan emkhathini.Ngokubona kochwepheshe bezimboni, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-2 trillion yuan kuyingxenye ethile kuphela yomsebenzi phakathi nesikhathi esithile futhi kuzoqhubeka nokukhula esikhathini esizayo.
UFu Tao, umqondisi we-Water Policy Research Center eNyuvesi yaseTsinghua, wathi i-Water Ten Plan icace kakhulu.Ngaphambilini, eminye imibhalo yokuhlela yayingeyemiklamo yokwakha, kanti i-Water Ten Plan ingumbhalo ogxile emiphumeleni."Ukwethulwa kwamanzi ayishumi, emakethe yamanzi kuhle impela."
, U-Liu Zhiquan waveza, ukuthuthukisa ngokwengeziwe uhlelo lwenqubomgomo yemboni yokuhlanza amanzi, ukuthambekela kokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokuhlanza indle yesikhathi esizayo kuyiyona ndlela yokusebenza yokuthengisa amabhizinisi, okucatshangwa nguhulumeni esikhathini esidlule ushintsho oluthile lwebhizinisi ngokusho kwemakethe. imodeli yezomnotho okufanele ikhokhiswe, ibhizinisi ngokuya ngokusebenza kwendlela yemakethe yokuphatha isikhungo sokuhlanza indle.Mayelana nokwenza izinqubomgomo ezikhethwayo zemboni yokuhlanza indle, okuhlanganisa: izinqubomgomo ezikhethwayo zamashaji kagesi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindleko zokukhuculula indle, amanani akhethwayo amanzi agaywe kabusha, njll.
Imiphi imikhakha izinkampani ezinethemba ngayo?
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi i-China izogxila ekwakheni indlela yokutshala izimali ehlukahlukene esikhathini esizayo ukuze ihehe izimali zomphakathi ukuze zitshale ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.Idlalwa kanjani indlela yemakethe, ukugqugquzela umdlandla wamabhizinisi, ukuze amabhizinisi amanzi akwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokubusa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, u-Li Li, isekela likamongameli omkhulu weBeijing Water Holding Co., Ltd., ukholelwa ukuthi inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu yemboni yamanzi esikhathini esidlule ukuthi izidingo zokulawulwa kwemvelo zihlala zingumthwalo wezindleko emabhizinisini akhuphuka nomfula, futhi kunzima kubo ukuthi babe yinzuzo kulabo abathola usizo lwezemvelo.Ngakho-ke, lezi zinkampani azinawo umfutho wokuthenga izinsiza zemvelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu."Manje lokho sekushintshile, kunesifiso esinamandla sokuthenga izinsiza zemvelo. Le mboni 'isenkingeni.' "Phambilini, ezinye izinkampani zemvelo zazikwazi ukuphila ngokukhohlisa amakhasimende azo.Manje, njengoba izidingo zamakhasimende zishintsha, izinkampani zamanzi ziya ngokuya ziba abahlinzeki abanenzuzo eningi ezinkampanini ezikhuphuka nomfula.”
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uLi Li uthe esikhathini esizayo, amabhizinisi akholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthwa kwendle emalokishini, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini, amanzi olwelwesi, amanzi aphesheya kwezilwandle, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa komfula omaphakathi nezwe, ukuphathwa kwemvelo yamanzi njengokwakhiwa kwe-ecosystem yamanzi, okubandakanya inethiwekhi yamapayipi kanye igalari yamapayipi ebanzi kanye namanye amabhizinisi ezikhukhula namanzi kuzoba yiwona azogxila kuwo amabhizinisi.
Ephendula izinguquko embonini yamanzi, u-Wang Di, oyimenenja jikelele ye-China Environmental Water, uthe izinkampani kufanele zibuyisele amanzi esimweni sezinsiza, kunokuzibeka njengezinkampani zokuhlanza amanzi.Ngakho, okuqukethwe yimboni yamanzi kuzonwetshwa."Ukonga amanzi, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe amanzi kanye nokulahlwa kodaka kuyizikhombisi-ndlela ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi esikhathini esizayo."
Ukwengeza, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokukhuculula indle, ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nokuhlanzwa kwemithombo yokungcola kuzohlinzeka ngamathuba entuthuko kule mboni.UGuo Peng, isekela lemenenja jikelele yeBeijing Capital, uthe izinkampani zizoba nemikhawulo emikhulu yenzuzo uma zingahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezilula, ezisebenzayo nezingabizi kakhulu zokuthuthukisa esikhathini esizayo."Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimboni zokuhlanza indle zingakwazi ukufinyelela emakethe ngokunciphisa indawo, zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe futhi obusebenzayo, nokulawula izindleko ezihlobene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ibhizinisi lingenza umsebenzi omuhle emthonjeni wendle. ukuqoqwa, ukulawula izindleko kanye nokwelashwa, nakho kungathola inzuzo enkulu."
(Umthombo: I-Legal Daily, i-West China Metropolis Daily, Izindaba Zengqungquthela Yezombangazwe Yabantu baseShayina, I-National Business Daily, Izindaba Zezemvelo ZaseChina)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-30-2022